Motorola CPU32 User Manual Page 210
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Integer Instructions
4-106 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA
EXT, EXTB Sign-Extend EXT, EXTB
(M68000 Family)
Operation: Destination Sign-Extended → Destination
Assembler EXT.W Dnextend byte to word
Syntax: EXT.L Dnextend word to long word
EXTB.L Dnextend byte to long word (MC68020, MC68030
MC68040, CPU32)
Attributes: Size = (Word, Long)
Description: Extends a byte in a data register to a word or a long word, or a word in a data
register to a long word, by replicating the sign bit to the left. If the operation extends a
byte to a word, bit 7 of the designated data register is copied to bits 15 – 8 of that data
register. If the operation extends a word to a long word, bit 15 of the designated data
register is copied to bits 31 – 16 of the data register. The EXTB form copies bit 7 of the
designated register to bits 31 – 8 of the data register.
Condition Codes:
X — Not affected.
N — Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
Z — Set if the result is zero; cleared otherwise.
V — Always cleared.
C — Always cleared.
Instruction Format:
Instruction Fields:
Opmode field—Specifies the size of the sign-extension operation.
010—Sign-extend low-order byte of data register to word.
011—Sign-extend low-order word of data register to long.
111— Sign-extend low-order byte of data register to long.
Register field—Specifies the data register is to be sign-extended.
XNZVC
—∗∗00
1514131211109876543210
0100100 OPMODE 0 0 0 REGISTER
- MOTOROLA 2
- M68000 FAMILY 2
- TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
- LIST OF FIGURES 8
- LIST OF FIGURES (Concluded) 9
- LIST OF TABLES 10
- LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 11
- SECTION 1 12
- INTRODUCTION 12
- 1.1.3 Program Counter 14
- 1.3.2 Status Register 21
- 31 24 23 16 23
- ADDRESS BASE ADDRESS MASK 23
- 1514131211109876 432 0 23
- 1.4 INTEGER DATA FORMATS 25
- 1.6.1 Normalized Numbers 29
- 1.6.2 Denormalized Numbers 29
- 1.6.3 Zeros 30
- 1.6.4 Infinities 30
- 1.6.5 Not-A-Numbers 30
- Introduction 31
- SECTION 2 42
- ADDRESSING CAPABILITIES 42
- POINTS TO 46
- 2.2.18 Immediate Data 60
- Addressing Capabilities 63
- BR Xn bd Addressing Mode 65
- 2.5.2 Memory Indirect Modes 66
- 2.6 OTHER DATA STRUCTURES 69
- 2.6.1 System Stack 69
- 2.6.2 Queues 70
- SECTION 3 72
- INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY 72
- Bit field selection 74
- 3.1.3 Logical Instructions 79
- 3.1.6 Bit Field Instructions 81
- → (SSP); 84
- Table 3-19. Conditional Tests 90
- 3.3 INSTRUCTION EXAMPLES 91
- 3.3.4 Bit Field Instructions 91
- 3.5.1 Intermediate Result 95
- 3.5.2 Rounding the Result 96
- 3.6.2 Conditional Testing 99
- Instruction Set Summary 100
- Data Type N Z I NAN 100
- 3.7 INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONS 103
- SECTION 4 105
- INTEGER INSTRUCTIONS 105
- Add Decimal with Extend 106
- EFFECTIVE ADDRESS 108
- MODE REGISTER 108
- 1514131211109876543210 108
- 1101 REGISTER OPMODE 108
- Add Address 111
- (M68000 Family) 112
- Add Immediate 113
- ADDI Add Immediate ADDI 114
- ADDQ Add Quick ADDQ 115
- ADDX Add Extended ADDX 117
- AND AND Logical AND 119
- ANDI AND Immediate ANDI 122
- ANDI ANDI 124
- Arithmetic Shift ASL, ASR 125
- Branch Conditionally Bcc 129
- Bcc Branch Conditionally Bcc 130
- Test a Bit and Change BCHG 131
- Test a Bit and Clear BCLR 134
- Integer Instructions 137
- BFINS Insert Bit Field BFINS 150
- Test Bit Field and Set BFSET 153
- BFTST Test Bit Field BFTST 155
- BKPT Breakpoint BKPT 157
- BRA Branch Always BRA 159
- BSET Test a Bit and Set BSET 160
- BSR Branch to Subroutine BSR 163
- BTST Test a Bit BTST 165
- CALLM Call Module CALLM 168
- CAS CAS 170
- CLR Clear an Operand CLR 177
- CMP Compare CMP 179
- CMPA Compare Address CMPA 181
- CMPI Compare Immediate CMPI 183
- CMPM Compare Memory CMPM 185
- Signed Divide DIVS, DIVSL 196
- Unsigned Divide DIVU, DIVUL 200
- EOR Exclusive-OR Logical EOR 204
- Exclusive-OR Immediate EORI 206
- EORI EORI 208
- EXG Exchange Registers EXG 209
- Sign-Extend EXT, EXTB 210
- JMP Jump JMP 212
- JSR Jump to Subroutine JSR 213
- Load Effective Address LEA 214
- LINK Link and Allocate LINK 215
- Logical Shift LSL, LSR 217
- MOVEA Move Address MOVEA 223
- MOVE MOVE 225
- Move 16-Byte Block MOVE16 230
- Move Peripheral Data MOVEP 235
- MOVEQ Move Quick MOVEQ 238
- MULS Signed Multiply MULS 239
- MULU Unsigned Multiply MULU 242
- Instruction Format: 246
- Instruction Fields: 246
- NEG Negate NEG 247
- NEGX Negate with Extend NEGX 249
- NOP No Operation NOP 251
- NOT Logical Complement NOT 252
- OR Inclusive-OR Logical OR 254
- ORI Inclusive-OR ORI 257
- ORI ORI 259
- PACK Pack PACK 260
- Push Effective Address PEA 263
- REGISTER ROTATE 265
- MEMORY ROTATE 266
- Return and Deallocate RTD 270
- RTM Return from Module RTM 271
- Return from Subroutine RTS 273
- SUB Subtract SUB 278
- SUBA Subtract Address SUBA 281
- SUBI Subtract Immediate SUBI 283
- SUBQ Subtract Quick SUBQ 285
- Subtract with Extend SUBX 287
- Swap Register Halves SWAP 289
- Test and Set an Operand TAS 290
- TRAP Trap TRAP 292
- Trap on Condition TRAPcc 293
- TRAPV Trap on Overflow TRAPV 295
- TST Test an Operand TST 296
- UNLK Unlink UNLK 298
- UNPK Unpack BCD UNPK 299
- SECTION 5 303
- FLOATING POINT INSTRUCTIONS 303
- Floating-Point Absolute Value 306
- Arc Cosine 310
- Floating-Point Add 313
- FADD Floating-Point Add FADD 314
- FASIN Arc Sine FASIN 316
- FATAN Arc Tangent FATAN 319
- Floating Point Instructions 323
- Floating-Point Compare FCMP 327
- FCOS Cosine FCOS 330
- FCOSH Hyperbolic Cosine FCOSH 333
- Hyperbolic Cosine FCOSH 334
- Hyperbolic Cosine FCOSH 335
- Decrement, and Branch 336
- Floating-Point Divide FDIV 338
- DESTINATION 342
- FETOXM1 e 345
- FETOXM1 345
- FGETEXP Get Exponent FGETEXP 348
- FGETMAN Get Mantissa FGETMAN 351
- FINT Integer Part FINT 354
- FLOG10 Log 360
- FLOG2 Log 363
- FLOGN Log 366
- FLOGNP1 Log 369
- FLOGNP1 370
- FMOD Modulo Remainder FMOD 372
- ⋅), but all 375
- < EA > TO REGISTER 377
- REGISTER—TO-MEMORY 380
- Move Floating-Point FMOVE 382
- System Control Register 382
- Move Constant ROM FMOVECR 385
- Data Registers 387
- Control Registers 393
- Floating-Point Multiply FMUL 396
- Floating-Point Negate FNEG 400
- FNOP No Operation FNOP 404
- Arithmetic 406
- FREM IEEE Remainder FREM 407
- FSCALE Scale Exponent FSCALE 409
- FSIN Sine FSIN 420
- FSINH Hyperbolic Sine FSINH 427
- Floating-Point Subtract FSUB 434
- FTAN Tangent FTAN 438
- Hyperbolic Tangent FTANH 441
- FTENTOX 10 444
- FTENTOX 444
- FTWOTOX 2 452
- FTWOTOX 452
- SECTION 6 455
- Invalidate Cache Lines 457
- Coprocessor 459
- Restore Functions 459
- Coprocessor Save Function 461
- Restore Internal FRESTORE 465
- Floating-Point State 465
- Move Control Register MOVEC 476
- Move Address Space MOVES 478
- 1111000001001COUNT REGISTER 485
- 0000000000 MC68851 CONDITION 485
- 16-BIT DISPLACEMENT 485
- 1111000000 487
- 0 0 1 MODE 0 0 MASK FC 487
- Flush ATC Entries PFLUSH 489
- PFLUSH PFLUSH 492
- PFLUSHA PFLUSHA 492
- 1010000000000000 495
- 001000R/ W0000 FC 498
- SRP, CRP, and TC Registers 502
- MMU Status Register 503
- TT Registers 504
- 011000R/W000000000 505
- ACx Registers 506
- Move PMMU Register PMOVE 507
- 1111000101 512
- PMMU Save Function PSAVE 513
- Set on PMMU Condition PScc 516
- Test a Logical Address PTEST 517
- (MC68030 only) 519
- 1111000001111 OPMODE 533
- Validate a Pointer PVALID 534
- Reset External Devices RESET 537
- Return from Exception RTE 538
- 0100111001110010 539
- IMMEDIATE DATA 539
- SECTION 7 541
- CPU32 INSTRUCTIONS 541
- Enter Background Mode 544
- (CPU32) 544
- Low-Power Stop 545
- TBLS TBLS 546
- TBLU TBLU 551
- CPU32 Instructions 556
- SECTION 8 557
- INSTRUCTION FORMAT SUMMARY 557
- Instruction Format Summary 577
- X AND BACX REGISTERS 581
- TBLU, TBLUN 584
- TBLS, TBLSN 584
- DATA REGISTER INTERPOLATE 585
- FRESTORE 594
- FTRAPcc 594
- APPENDIX A 597
- PROCESSOR INSTRUCTION SUMMARY 597
- Processor Instruction Summary 608
- Mnemonic Description 608
- (Continued) 609
- Data Addressing Modes 612
- A.2 MC68020 PROCESSORS 613
- (Concluded) 615
- Addressing Modes Syntax 616
- A.3 MC68030 PROCESSORS 617
- A.4 MC68040 PROCESSORS 621
- A.6 MC68851 COPROCESSORS 627
- APPENDIX B 628
- Assignment 629
- B.2 EXCEPTION STACK FRAMES 630
- Frame, Format $4 632
- Format $9 633
- 15 031 24 23 16 639
- VERSION $41 639
- (RESERVED) 639
- APPENDIX C 641
- S-RECORD OUTPUT FORMAT 641
- C.2 S-RECORD TYPES 642
- C.3 S-RECORD CREATION 643
- Table C-2. ASCII Code 645
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