Motorola M68000 User Manual

 MOTOROLA INC., 1992 MOTOROLAM68000 FAMILY Programmer’s Reference Manual (Includes CPU32 Instructions)

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-3 For effective addresses that use a full extension word format, the i

Addressing Capabilities 2-4 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2 EFFECTIVE ADDRESSING MODES Besides the operation code, which sp

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-5 2.2.1 Data Register Direct Mode In the data register direct mode, t

Addressing Capabilities 2-6 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.4 Address Register Indirect with Postincrement Mode In the addr

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-7 2.2.5 Address Register Indirect with Predecrement Mode In the addre

Addressing Capabilities 2-8 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.6 Address Register Indirect with Displacement Mode In the addre

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-9 2.2.7 Address Register Indirect with Index (8-Bit Displacement) Mode

Addressing Capabilities 2-10 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.8 Address Register Indirect with Index (Base Displacement) Mode

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-11 2.2.9 Memory Indirect Postindexed Mode In this mode, both the oper

Addressing Capabilities 2-12 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.10 Memory Indirect Preindexed Mode In this mode, both the oper

Introduction 1-2 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 1.1 INTEGER UNIT USER PROGRAMMING MODEL Figure 1-1 illustrates the integer por

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-13 2.2.11 Program Counter Indirect with Displacement Mode In this mod

Addressing Capabilities 2-14 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.12 Program Counter Indirect with Index (8-Bit Displacement) Mod

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-15 2.2.13 Program Counter Indirect with Index (Base Displacement) Mode

Addressing Capabilities 2-16 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.14 Program Counter Memory Indirect Postindexed Mode This mode

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-17 2.2.15 Program Counter Memory Indirect Preindexed Mode This mode i

Addressing Capabilities 2-18 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA 2.2.16 Absolute Short Addressing Mode In this addressing mode, the

Addressing Capabilities MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-19 2.2.18 Immediate Data In this addressing mode, the operand is in o

Addressing Capabilities 2-20 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Table 2-4. Effective Addressing Modes and Categories Addressing Mod

Addressing Capabilities2-28 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA2.6 OTHER DATA STRUCTURES Stacks and queues are common data structures

Addressing CapabilitiesMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-29To implement stack growth from low memory to high memory, use (An) + t

Introduction MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 1-3 1.1.3 Program Counter The PC contains the address of the instruction currently

Addressing Capabilities2-30 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAAfter a put operation, the put address register points to the last ite

MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-1 SECTION 3INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY This section briefly describes the M68000 family instructio

Instruction Set Summary 3-2 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Table 3-1. Notational Conventions Single- And Double Operand Operati

Instruction Set Summary MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-3 Table 3-1. Notational Conventions (Continued) Data Format And Type +

Instruction Set Summary 3-4 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Table 3-1. Notational Conventions (Concluded) Register Codes * Gener

Instruction Set Summary MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-5 3.1.1 Data Movement Instructions The MOVE and FMOVE instructions wi

Instruction Set Summary 3-6 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA NOTE: A register list includes any combination of the eight floating-

Instruction Set Summary MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-7 A set of extended instructions provides multiprecision and mixed-siz

Instruction Set Summary3-8 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA3.1.3 Logical Instructions The logical operation instructions (AND, OR,

Instruction Set SummaryMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-9NOTE: X indicates the extend bit and C the carry bit in the CCR.Table 3

Introduction 1-4 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA C—Carry Set if a carry out of the most significant bit of the operand occurs for

Instruction Set SummaryMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-173.2 INTEGER UNIT CONDITION CODE COMPUTATION Many integer instructions

Instruction Set Summary3-18 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLATable 3-18. Integer Unit Condition Code Computations OperationsXNZVCS

Instruction Set SummaryMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-19NOTES:N = Logical Not NV = Logical Not VZ = Logical Not Z*Not availabl

Instruction Set Summary3-32 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA3.7 INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONSSection 4, 5, 6, and 7 contain detailed in

Instruction Set SummaryMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 3-33.Figure 3-3. Instruction Description FormatABCDOperation:AssemblerS

Integer Instructions 4-4 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ADD Add ADD (M68000 Family) Operation: Source + Destination → Destin

Integer Instructions MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-5 ADD Add ADD (M68000 Family) Instruction Fields: Register field—Specifie

Integer Instructions 4-6 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ADD Add ADD (M68000 Family) b. If the location specified is a destina

Integer Instructions MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-7 ADDA Add Address ADDA (M68000 Family) Operation: Source + Destination

Integer Instructions 4-8 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ADDA Add Address ADDA (M68000 Family) Effective Address field—Specifies

IntroductionMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 1-251.7 ORGANIZATION OF DATA IN REGISTERS The following paragraphs describe data orga

Integer Instructions MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-9 ADDI Add Immediate ADDI (M68000 Family) Operation: Immediate Data + De

Integer Instructions4-10 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAADDI Add Immediate ADDI (M68000 Family) Instruction Fields: Size field—Spe

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-11ADDQ Add Quick ADDQ (M68000 Family) Operation: Immediate Data + Destinati

Integer Instructions4-12 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAADDQ Add Quick ADDQ (M68000 Family) Instruction Fields: Data field—Three b

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-13ADDX Add Extended ADDX (M68000 Family) Operation: Source + Destination +

Integer Instructions4-14 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAADDX Add Extended ADDX (M68000 Family) Instruction Format: Instruction Fi

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-15AND AND Logical AND(M68000 Family) Operation: Source L Destination → Dest

Integer Instructions4-16 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAAND AND Logical AND (M68000 Family) Effective Address field—Determines add

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-17AND AND Logical AND (M68000 Family) b. If the location specified is a des

Integer Instructions4-18 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAANDI AND Immediate ANDI (M68000 Family) Operation: Immediate Data Λ Desti

Introduction1-26 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA.Because address registers and stack pointers are 32 bits wide, address registers

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-19ANDI AND Immediate ANDI (M68000 Family) Instruction Fields: Size field—Spe

Integer Instructions4-20 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAANDI ANDI to CCR CCR AND Immediate to CCR(M68000 Family) Operation: Sourc

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-21ASL, ASR Arithmetic Shift ASL, ASR(M68000 Family) Operation: Destination

Integer Instructions4-22 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAASL, ASR Arithmetic Shift ASL, ASR(M68000 Family) For ASR, the operand is

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-23ASL, ASR Arithmetic Shift ASL, ASR (M68000 Family) dr field—Specifies the d

Integer Instructions4-24 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAASL, ASR Arithmetic Shift ASL, ASR (M68000 Family) Effective Address field

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-25Bcc Branch Conditionally Bcc (M68000 Family) Operation: If Condition Tru

Integer Instructions4-26 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLABcc Branch Conditionally Bcc (M68000 Family) Instruction Format: Instruct

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-75CMP Compare CMP (M68000 Family) Operation: Destination – Source → cc Asse

Integer Instructions4-76 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLACMP Compare CMP (M68000 Family) Effective Address field—Specifies the sourc

IntroductionMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 1-27Control registers vary in size according to function. Some control registers have

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-77CMPA Compare Address CMPA (M68000 Family) Operation: Destination – Source

Integer Instructions4-78 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLACMPA Compare Address CMPA (M68000 Family) Instruction Fields: Register fie

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-79CMPI Compare Immediate CMPI (M68000 Family) Operation: Destination – Imme

Integer Instructions4-80 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLACMPI Compare Immediate CMPI (M68000 Family) Instruction Fields: Size field

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-81CMPM Compare Memory CMPM (M68000 Family) Operation: Destination – Source

Integer Instructions4-90 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLADBcc Test Condition, Decrement, and Branch DBcc (M68000 Family) Operation

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-91DBcc Test Condition, Decrement, and Branch DBcc (M68000 Family) Instructi

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-109JSR Jump to Subroutine JSR (M68000 Family) Operation: SP – 4 → Sp; PC →

Integer Instructions4-110 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLALEA Load Effective Address LEA (M68000 Family) Operation: < ea >

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-113LSL, LSR Logical Shift LSL, LSR (M68000 Family) Operation: Destination S

MOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 2-1 SECTION 2ADDRESSING CAPABILITIES Most operations take asource operand and destination opera

Integer Instructions4-114 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLALSL, LSR Logical Shift LSL, LSR (M68000 Family) Condition Codes: X — Set

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-115LSL, LSR Logical Shift LSL, LSR(M68000 Family) Instruction Format: MEMOR

Integer Instructions4-116 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAMOVE Move Data from Source to Destination MOVE (M68000 Family) Operation

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-117MOVE Move Data from Source to Destination MOVE (M68000 Family) Destinati

Integer Instructions4-118 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAMOVE Move Data from Source to Destination MOVE (M68000 Family) Source Ef

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-119MOVEA Move Address MOVEA (M68000 Family) Operation: Source → Destination

Integer Instructions4-120 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAMOVEA Move Address MOVEA (M68000 Family) Effective Address field—Specifies

Integer Instructions4-168 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLARTR Return and Restore Condition Codes RTR (M68000 Family) Operation: (S

Integer InstructionsMOTOROLA M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL 4-169RTS Return from Subroutine RTS (M68000 Family) Operation: (SP) → PC; SP

Processor Instruction SummaryA-12 MC68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLAA.1 MC68000, MC68008, MC68010 PROCESSORS The following paragrap

Addressing Capabilities 2-2 M68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA An instruction specifies the function to be performed with an operati

Processor Instruction SummaryMOTOROLA MC68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL A-13Table A-3. MC68000 and MC68008 Instruction Set (Continued)Mnemo

S-Record Output Format MOTOROLA MC68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL C-5 Table C-2. ASCII Code LeastSignificantDigitMost Significant Digit 01

S-Record Output Format MOTOROLA MC68000 FAMILY PROGRAMMER’S REFERENCE MANUAL C-5 Table C-2. ASCII Code LeastSignificantDigitMost Significant Digit 01